Procurement glossary for production buyers

The terms you see every day in your ERP, your supplier emails, and your POs, explained in plain language, the way a buyer would explain them to a colleague.

PO Acknowledgment

The supplier's confirmation that they received your PO and can deliver on the dates you need. Without it, you're flying blind. PO-Relay starts a 48-hour timer the moment a PO is placed.

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Expedite

Asking a supplier to deliver faster than originally agreed. The most common urgent action a buyer takes, and one of the hardest to track because the new date often lives only in an email.

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Three-Way Match

Matching the PO, the receipt, and the invoice before approving payment. If your receipt tracking is unreliable, your three-way match is unreliable. PO-Relay's delivery tracking is the foundation.

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Lead Time

The time from placing an order to receiving the goods. Every buyer thinks about it, but few track it systematically. PO-Relay tracks it implicitly across every delivery.

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ASN

Advance Shipment Notice, the supplier telling you what's been shipped and when to expect it. PO-Relay's email intelligence detects ASNs automatically and advances the loop to "shipped."

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PPAP

Production Part Approval Process, the quality gauntlet a new part goes through before it enters production. Relevant when you're onboarding a new supplier and need to track the approval alongside delivery.

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NCR

Non-Conformance Report, what gets filed when a part fails inspection. As a buyer, an NCR means your loop just reopened and you're managing a replacement timeline on top of everything else.

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Partial Receipt

When a supplier ships only part of your order. You received something, but the loop isn't closed. PO-Relay keeps tracking the remaining quantity and flags partial receipts that weren't communicated in advance.

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Blanket PO

A standing purchase order covering multiple releases over time. Each release has its own delivery date and quantity. PO-Relay tracks each one independently.

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Backorder vs Partial Shipment

Two situations buyers see all the time, often used interchangeably. A backorder has a confirmed future ship date; a partial shipment may or may not. The difference shapes how you track the unshipped balance.

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Open Purchase Order

A PO that has been placed but not yet fully received and closed. The daily worklist of every production buyer, where delivery surprises hide between acknowledgment and the dock.

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Purchase Order Expediting

The discipline of monitoring open POs, flagging the at-risk ones, and pushing suppliers or internal handoffs to recover the schedule before production feels it. Half of every buyer's job in 2026.

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Kanban Replenishment

A pull-based reorder system where parts are released the moment on-hand stock drops below a threshold. How buyers run kanban alongside MRP and where the model breaks.

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MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)

The smallest quantity a supplier will run per order. The MOQ tax for production buyers, where it actually hits cash flow, and the levers for negotiating it down.

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Safety Stock

The buffer quantity above expected demand that absorbs supplier delays without stopping production. The buyer's view of who sets it, why it matters, and how it shapes triage.

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Consignment Inventory

Parts held at your site but owned by the supplier until you consume them. How the workflow differs from a normal PO cycle, and where consumption reporting drift breaks the program.

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Supplier Scorecard

A structured record of how a supplier is performing on delivery, quality, and responsiveness. The buyer's view of what to track, how often, and what to do with the answer.

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RFQ (Request for Quotation)

A formal request to suppliers for a price, lead time, and terms on a specific part. How production buyers actually run RFQs and where the unanswered ones get lost.

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MRP vs ERP

MRP creates the buy signal; ERP holds the PO and receipt records. The production buyer's view of which system does what, and where the email layer between them gets lost.

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ECO (Engineering Change Order)

The document that authorizes a change to a part's revision and triggers updates to drawings, BOM, and any open POs already in flight. The buyer's view of what to do when one drops mid-cycle.

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Incoterms

The three-letter shipping terms (FOB, DAP, EXW, DDP, and the rest) that define who pays freight, who carries risk, and when title transfers. The half-dozen production buyers actually see.

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Frequently asked questions